Chapter 1

organic vs inorganic

oranic molecules Contain carbon, essential to life
It is possible to convert some inorganic molecules to organic molecules
Ammonium cyanate -> urea
not all inorganic molecules contain carbon, but all organic molecules contain carbon

protons and neutrons are surrounded by electron field
"orbitals" is a simple way of defining energy levels of groups of electrons
P orbital has higher energy compared to S orbital
\(1s^22s^22p^2\)
carbon has 4 valence electrons with a maximum of 8
\(1s^22s^22p^2_x2p^2_y2p^2_z\) is the maximum configuration
Aufbau principle: an electron goes into the lowest energy orbital
pauli exclusion principle: 2 electrons per orbital maximum (spin up, spin down)
Hund's rule: 2 or more orbitals of the same energy(degenerate), electrons will go into different orbitals